Educators' implementation and use of social and emotional learning early in the COVID-19 pandemic.

The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has had multifaceted effects on students, their families, and the educators who support their learning. Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the most notable changes for schools was the sudden move to distance learning-an unprecedented disruption to academic, social, and emotional instruction. Social and emotional learning (SEL) skills play an important role in human development by supporting academic success and overall well-being, including skills for effectively coping with stressors such as those imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Building on previous work, we created the Crisis Response Educator SEL Survey (CRESS) to examine predictors of SEL implementation during the pandemic. Structural equation models (SEMs) were used to predict: (a) educators' reported challenges implementing SEL during distance learning; (b) educator SEL implementation with students and use of social and emotional (SE) strategies for themselves; and (c) educator self-judgment and emotional exhaustion. Predictors included school/district guidance to support SEL, school/district support of educator SE needs, and the priority on SEL for the school and the educator. Our sample consisted of 219 educators committed to SEL who reported on their experience with SEL during distance learning toward the end of the 2019-2020 school year. Findings suggest that school/district support of educator SE needs predicts lower levels of challenge implementing SEL during distance learning and lower levels of educator burnout and self-judgment, whereas greater school/district guidance to support SEL was associated with more SEL implementation with students and more educator use of SE strategies for themselves. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Rational emotive occupational health coaching for quality of work-life among primary school administrators.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed at investigating the effect of rational emotive occupational health coaching on quality of work-life among primary school administrators. METHOD: This is a double blinded and randomized control design study. A total of 158 administrators were sampled, half of them were exposed to rational emotive occupational health treatment package that lasted for 12 sessions. Two self-report measures were utilized in assessing the participants using quality of work life scale. Data collected were analyzed using MANOVA statistical tool. RESULT: The results showed that rational emotive occupational health coaching is effective in improving perception of quality of work-life among public administrators. A follow-up result showed that rational emotive occupational health coaching had a significant effect on primary school administrators' quality of work life. CONCLUSION: This study concluded rational emotive occupation health coaching is useful therapeutic strategy in improving quality of work of primary school administrators, hence, future researchers and clinical practitioners should adopt cognitive-behavioral techniques and principles in helping employers as well as employees. Based on the primary findings and limitations of this study, future studies, occupational psychotherapists should qualitatively explore the clinical relevance of rational emotive occupational health practice across cultures using different populations.

Strategies and criteria targeting the reform and development for the teaching resource of nursing undergraduate: A multi-center cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT: Teaching resource of nursing students play an important role in improving clinical performance, while there is a little know and dearth of the access and development criteria or guidance of teaching resources for nursing undergraduates.To develop the admission and development criteria of education resources for nursing undergraduates, and to explore and determine its composition and connotation.A cross-sectional survey has been used.A total of 22 Chinese nursing schools and affiliated teaching bases (hospitals and community health centers).A total of 20 nursing experts were consulted to develop the questionnaire of admission and development criteria of teaching resource for nursing undergraduates in China, and then 285 valid experts from 22 Chinese nursing schools and affiliated teaching bases (hospitals and community health centers) conducted the questionnaire survey to evaluate experts' consensus rate and view on the composition and connotation of the developed criteria.There were 6 domains and 43 items included in the admission and development criteria of teaching resource for nursing undergraduates, which domains included educational budget and allocation of resources, infrastructure, clinical teaching bases, books and information services, educational experts, and educational exchanges. The experts' consensus rate was more than 90.2%.The standard is helpful to guide the future admission and development of teaching resource for nursing undergraduates, and favor the education quality improvement of nursing undergraduates.

COVID-19 in school settings: webinar aimed at both teachers and educators.

Background: In the COVID-19 era, we designed the webinar "COVID-19: instructions for use" with the aim of providing clear and actionable information to school staff about the characteristics of the disease, the preventive measures to adopt and the path for early detection and control of COVID-19 in primary schools of Modena province. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey using a 7-item closed-ended satisfaction questionnaire self-administered to webinar participants among school staff of the Modena Municipality and neighbouring. Results: A total of 103 out of 152 (68%) participants delivered the questionnaires. The participating staff came from 29 schools. Most of respondents (83.5%) were primary school teachers following by kindergarten teachers and educators. The overall webinar assessment index was "very good" for 51% of attendees and "good" for the remaining. Nevertheless, 25.2% highlighted the need to have more time dedicated to the discussion. Conclusions: Our project promotes a virtuous circle between school-family and community; so that the benefits can be sustained and enhanced. This may improve the effectiveness of the preventive measures in terms of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other virus.

Qualidade de vida e bem-estar de trabalhadores de colégio universitário / Quality of life and well-being of college university workers / Calidad de vida y bienestar de trabajadores universitarios

Objetivo: Conhecer fatores relacionados à qualidade de vida e saúde de trabalhadores de um colégio universitário. Métodos: pesquisa quantitativa, realizada por meio de inquérito epidemiológico, utilizando-se questionário autoaplicado e dados clínicos. Resultados: participaram da pesquisa 106 trabalhadores, 74,5% do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 38 anos (DP±12,4), onde 92,5% relataram não fumar e 58,5% não beber álcool; 50,9% afirmou ser sedentário. Os dados clínicos demonstraram que 44,9% apresentaram pressão alterada e 11,3% glicemia elevada. Na análise dos quadrantes de exposição ao estresse, o trabalho ativo alocou maior número de profissionais (50%) e a suspeição de transtorno mental comum entre os trabalhadores foi de 22,6%. Na análise bivariada, observou-se associação entre ser solteiro e trabalho ativo (p=0,040). Conclusão: observa-se que há predominância de grau mediano de estresse no trabalho e hábitos de vida pouco saudáveis. Sabe-se que esses achados contribuem para maior ocorrência de problemas de saúde

Objetivo: Conocer factores relacionados con calidad de vida y salud de trabajadores en un colegio universitario. Métodos: investigación cuantitativa, realizada mediante encuesta epidemiológica, utilizando cuestionario autoadministrado y datos clínicos. Resultados: 106 trabajadores participaron de la investigación, 74.5% mujeres, con edad media de 38 años (SD ± 12.4), donde 92.5% informaron no fumar y 58.5% no tomar alcohol; El 50,9% dijo que eran sedentarios. Los datos clínicos mostraron que el 44,9% tenía presión arterial anormal y el 11,3% de glucosa en sangre alta. En el análisis de los cuadrantes de exposición al estrés, el trabajo activo asignó un mayor número de profesionales (50%) y la sospecha de trastorno mental común entre los trabajadores fue del 22,6%. En el análisis bivariado, se observó asociación entre trabajo individual y trabajo activo (p = 0.040). Conclusión: se observa que hay un predominio del grado medio de estrés en trabajo y hábitos de vida poco saludables. Se sabe que estos hallazgos contribuyen a una mayor ocurrencia de problemas de salud

Objective:To know factors related to the quality of life and health of workers at a university college. Methods: quantitative research, carried out by means of an epidemiological survey, using a self-administered questionnaire and clinical data. Results: 106 workers participated in the research, 74.5% female, with a mean age of 38 years (SD ± 12.4), where 92.5% reported not smoking and 58.5% not drinking alcohol; 50.9% said they were sedentary. Clinical data showed that 44.9% had abnormal blood pressure and 11.3% high blood glucose. In the analysis of the stress exposure quadrants, active work allocated a greater number of professionals (50%) and the suspicion of common mental disorder among workers was 22.6%. In the bivariate analysis, an association was observed between being single and active work (p = 0.040). Conclusion: it is observed that there is a predominance of median degree of stress at work and unhealthy lifestyle habits. It is known that these findings contribute to a greater occurrence of health problems

A survey of travel behaviour among scientists in Germany and the potential for change.

Awareness of the environmental impact of conferences is growing within the scientific community. Here we report the results of a survey in which scientists in Germany were asked about their attendance at conferences, their reasons for attending, and their willingness to explore new approaches that would reduce the impact of conferences on the environment. A majority of respondents were keen to reduce their own carbon footprint and were willing to explore alternatives to the traditional conference.

The Role of School Leaders' Health Literacy for the Implementation of Health Promoting Schools.

BACKGROUND: The promotion of health literacy is seen as an urgent goal in public health and education and, hence, should be integrated in the school context as a component of the holistic health promoting school (HPS) approach. However, only limited empirical studies have addressed health literacy of school staff so far. Hence, this study aimed to examine the level of health literacy among school leaders and its association with the extent of HPS implementation. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with n = 680 school principals and members of the school management board from Germany was carried out at the end of 2018. Individual health literacy, attitudes, and competencies towards HPS and occupational self-efficacy served as independent variables and the level of HPS implementation was the dependent variable. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis as well as multiple binary logistic regression. RESULTS: 29.3% of school leaders show a limited health literacy with significantly higher values found for male respondents. Regression analyses revealed that male gender (OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.22-2.99), HPS attitudes (OR: 3.17, 95% CI: 2.13-4.72), and HPS competencies (OR: 3.66, 95% CI: 2.43-5.50) were associated with a lower level of HPS implementation. Furthermore, regression analyses differentiated by gender showed that limited health literacy is associated with a low level of HPS implementation for male school leaders only (OR: 2.81, 95% CI: 1.22-6.45). CONCLUSIONS: The promotion of health literacy especially for male leaders would not only result in positive effects on an individual level but also could contribute to a stronger implementation of activities on school health promotion. We suggest integrating health literacy, HPS attitudes, and competencies more strongly into the qualification and in further training of school leaders.

Impact of Communication Measures Implemented During a School Tuberculosis Outbreak on Risk Perception among Parents and School Staff, Italy, 2019.

Risk perception has a significant impact on decisions people make when facing a threat: a mismatch between actual hazard and perceived risk can lead to inappropriate behaviours and suboptimal compliance to recommended public health measures. The present study was conducted in the aftermath of a tuberculosis (TB) outbreak that occurred in 2019 in a primary school in Italy. The aim was to evaluate the impact of communication measures implemented by local health authorities (including face-to-face meetings between LHAs and the local population, weekly press announcements, implementation of a telephone hotline and of an information desk, and social media communication), on risk perception among parents of schoolchildren and school staff, and to identify factors related to a change in risk perception before and after the said activities. An anonymous questionnaire was administered to parents of schoolchildren (n = 846) and to school staff (n = 70). Participants were asked about the level of risk they had perceived at two distinct times: when they first became aware of the outbreak and following implementation of communication activities. A significant reduction of perceived risk was found in both groups (p < 0.001) following the communication activities. The largest reduction was found among participants who reported having appreciated the meetings with the LHA healthcare staff. Our findings suggest that keeping an open approach, explaining the actual threat to the population and adapting communication to different listening skills, are essential for health authorities to successfully manage a public health emergency.

Effect of flower essence therapy on teachers' stress: a randomized clinical trial / Efeito da terapia floral no estresse docente: ensaio clínico randomizado / Efecto de la terapia floral en el estrés docente: ensayo clínico aleatorizado

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade das essências florais de Bach na redução dos níveis de estresse docente. Método: ensaio clínico controlado, randomizado, duplo-cego, com delineamento prospectivo. Foram utilizados na coleta de dados um formulário validado à luz da teoria de Betty Neuman e três instrumentos, um na perspectiva perceptiva (PSS-14), o outro na prevalência dos sinais e sintomas (LSS) e um de avaliação dos aspectos bioeletrográfico (FAAB). A amostra foi constituída de 27 professores da rede básica de ensino com estresse médio e alto, distribuídos em dois grupos: intervenção (GI) e que recebeu floral e placebo (GP). Resultados: o GI mostrou-se efetivo na redução do estresse, sendo estatisticamente significante intragrupo com a diminuição das médias dos escores do PSS-14 (p=0,004, LSS - p = 0,000) e da bioeletrografia (p=0,011); bem como entre grupos com p-valor de 0,035 para LSS e FAAB com p= 0,001. Conclusão: as essências florais do sistema Bach mostraram-se efetivos no cuidado do estresse docente com a reestruturação da linha flexível de defesa, refletindo melhor relacionamento do professor com os estressores intra, inter e extrapessoais. Este estudo está registrado no ReBEC com o nº. UTN: U1111-1208-4987.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de las esencias florales de Bach para reducir los niveles de estrés del personal docente. Método: ensayo clínico controlado, aleatorizado, doble ciego con diseño prospectivo. En la recogida de datos se utilizó un formulario validado a la luz de la teoría de Betty Neuman y tres instrumentos: uno en la perspectiva perceptiva (PSS-14), otro en la prevalencia de signos y síntomas (LSS) y otro para la evaluación de aspectos bioelectrográficos (FAAB) La muestra consistió en 27 profesores de educación básica con estrés medio y alto, divididos en dos grupos: intervención (GI), que recibió esencias florales, y placebo (GP). Resultados: el GI demostró ser efectivo para la reducción del estrés, siendo estadísticamente significativo dentro del grupo con disminución en las puntuaciones medias del PSS-14 (p = 0.004, LSS - p = 0.000) y bioelectrografía (p = 0.011); así como entre grupos con un valor de p de 0.035 para LSS y FAAB con p = 0.001. Conclusión: las Flores de Bach demostraron ser efectivas en el manejo del estrés de los docentes con la reestructuración de la línea flexible de defensa, reflejando una mejor relación entre el profesor y los estresores intra, inter y extrapersonales. El presente estudio está registrado en ReBEC bajo el nº. UTN: U1111-1208-4987.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of Bach flower essences in reducing teachers' stress levels. Method: a controlled, randomized, and double-blind clinical trial with a prospective design. In data collection, a form validated in the light of Betty Neuman's theory and another three instruments were used, one in the perceptive perspective (PSS-14), the second in the prevalence of the signs and symptoms (LSS), and the third for the evaluation of the bio-electrographic aspects (FAAB). The sample consisted of 27 teachers from the basic education network, with medium and high levels of stress and divided into two groups: intervention group (IG), the one that received Bach flower essences, and placebo group (PG). Results: the IG proved to be effective in reducing stress, being statistically significant intra-group with the decrease in the mean scores of PSS-14 (p=0.004), LSS (p=0.000), and bioelectrography (p=0.011); as well as between groups with a p-value of 0.035 for LSS, and FAAB with p=0.001. Conclusion: the Bach flower essences proved to be effective in the care of teachers' stress with the re-structuring of the flexible line of defense, reflecting in a better relationship between the teacher and intra-, inter-, and extra-personal stressors. This study is registered in the ReBEC under UTN Nº U1111-1208-4987.

A national survey of school psychologists' practices in identifying specific learning disabilities.

This study examined the identification frameworks, specific models, and assessment practices used by school psychologists to identify students with specific learning disabilities (SLD) in public schools in the United States. We surveyed school psychologist practitioners using an online survey, conducted a review of state regulations addressing SLD, and evaluated the effects of state-level policies and school psychologists' characteristics on identification practices. Responses from more than 1,300 school psychologists revealed that multiple SLD identification frameworks are utilized and that state regulations generally have stronger effects on identification practices than do characteristics such as school psychologists' age, highest degree obtained, and years of experience. Frameworks with well-known psychometric limitations, such as those employing intelligence-achievement discrepancy formulas, remain commonly employed. We encourage more and better scientific research into both the conceptual and psychometric outcomes associated with SLD identification frameworks and urge application of evidence-based practices in the assessment and treatment of academic deficits. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

The Incidence of Smoking Habits and the Degree of Nicotine Dependence in Education Workers.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research was to establish the incidence of smoking habits and the level of nicotine dependence in education workers in the Central Bosnia Canton (CBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research was conducted in the 2017/2018 school year. It covered education workers in all elementary (N=53) and high schools (N=23), in the area of the CBC. A total of 857 subjects were included. For the purpose of this research a special questionnaire was designed that included information on smoking, how long people had smoked, age and gender, smoking habits, and a modified Fagerstrom test for assessment of nicotine dependence. RESULTS: In relation to smoking status, the subjects were divided into two categories: 646 (75.38%) non-smokers and 211 (24.62%) of those who declared themselves to be active smokers. All subjects were considered in relation to four age groups. The average age of the subjects was 42.14 years, and the average age of the subjects who were smokers was 43.61 years. Of the total number of smokers (n=211), the number of those who believed that the consumption of cigarettes by staff members encourages pupils to smoke was 76 (36.01%). The largest number of subjects (746, 87%) believed that during their time in school or the school yard, pupils are in a situation where they are able to see educational workers smoking. The degree of nicotine dependence in education workers in the CBC was mostly mild (53.55%, N=113) and then moderate (44.54%, N=94) and severe (1.89%, N=4). CONCLUSION: There is a significant number of smokers (24.62%) amongst education workers in schools in the CBC. The level of nicotine dependence in education workers is most often mild (53.55%) then moderate (44.54%) and severe (1.89%).

Diverged Preferences towards Sustainable Development Goals? A Comparison between Academia and the Communication Industry.

To understand how the sustainable development goals (SDGs) are involved and cited in different fields, the current study aimed to explore the key SDGs and SDG-pairs from the viewpoints of academia and the media. The academic publications with SDG(s)-related keywords in the Scopus database and the entry videos of the "2018 SDG Lions" were collected and analyzed through content and network analysis. It was found that SDG 3 and SDG 10 shared the highest preferences in both industries, but apparent gaps happened to SDG 5. The tied frequencies of the possible SDG pairs were also examined, and SDG 3-10 was identified taking the lead in both industries. Network analysis using degree centrality as the vital parameter demonstrated that SDG 8 and SDG 5 has strong connections with several SDGs for the academia and the media, respectively. The SDG-2-6-7 combination or "water-energy-food" nexus was also found the most frequent combination of three SDGs in the academia. Overall, SDG 3 can be treated as a unifying theme when seeking to acquire evidence-based knowledge for integrated implementation of the SDGs. Important implications for policy-making of the SDGs were also discussed.

Conventional Cigarette and E-Cigarette Smoking among School Personnel in Shanghai, China: Prevalence and Determinants.

Smoking cigarettes and e-cigarettes is widely popular among Chinese students. Considering that school personnel are considered role models in the student community, we investigated the prevalence and determinants of such behavior among high school personnel in China so as to provide references for future related intervention measures. We used a stratified cluster sampling design on a total number of 3311 school employees recruited from 33 representative schools. Complex sampling analysis and logistic regressions were used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Among 3194 participants that met the study criteria, 7.4% were cigarette users, and 3.6% e-cigarette consumers. For conventional cigarette smokers, certain characteristics, such as being older and male, attaining less education, and having been exposed to secondhand smoke, were associated with heavier smoking. Nevertheless, e-cigarette users were predominantly male and of younger age. Those who understood the hazards of conventional cigarette smoking had less inclination to smoke but were at a higher risk of e-cigarette use. Our analysis suggests that it is necessary to target different populations for monitoring and controlling conventional cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use respectively among school personnel. In addition, China is in need of more relevant and strict anti-smoking regulations.

Selection of Level-Dependent Hearing Protectors for Use in An Indoor Shooting Range.

The high sound pressure level generated by impulse noise produced in an indoor shooting range makes it necessary to protect the hearing of the people it affects. Due to the need for verbal communication during training at a shooting range, level-dependent hearing protectors are useful. The objective of this study was to answer the question of whether it is possible to properly protect the hearing of a shooting instructor using level-dependent hearing protectors. The noise parameters were measured in the places where the instructor was present at the shooting range. The division of a specific group of trained shooters into subgroups consisting of three or six simultaneously shooting individuals did not significantly affect the exposure of the shooting instructor to the noise. An assessment of noise reduction was carried out for eight models of earmuffs and two variants of earplugs, using computational methods for the selection of hearing protectors. Among the noise parameters, both the A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level and the C-weighted peak sound pressure level were taken into account. Depending on the assessment criterion adopted, a sufficient reduction in impulse noise was provided by either four or six out of the 10 hearing protectors included in the study.

Conhecimento de professores e estudantes de educação física da Unisul acerca dos protetores bucais na prática de atividades esportivas / Knowledge of teachers and students of physical education at Unisul about mouth guards in sports practice

A literatura não deixa dúvidas da importância do uso dos protetores bucais (PBs) na prática de esportes de impacto para a prevenção de traumas orofaciais. Objetivo: avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos professores e alunos do Curso de Educação Física da Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Unidade Pedra Branca, campus Grande Florianópolis, com relação ao uso dos PBs na prevenção de traumas. Materiais e método: este é um estudo exploratório descritivo, no qual foi aplicado um questionário com questões que avaliaram o conhecimento dos entrevistados. Os dados obtidos foram tabulados em uma planilha do Microsoft Excel e submetidos à análise estatística descritiva no software SPSS 20.0. Resultados: foi demonstrado que 93,9% dos entrevistados conheciam os PBs. Com relação ao seu uso, apenas 30,5% dos entrevistados já utilizaram ou utilizam os PBs, sendo que apenas 2,3% utilizam PBs personalizados. Conclusão: pode-se concluir que ainda há pouca informação acerca dos PBs pelos profissionais e alunos do curso de Educação Física, especialmente com relação aos PBs personalizados, que são os mais indicados.(AU)

The literature is clear regarding the importance of the use of mouth guards in the practice of impact sports to prevent orofacial trauma. Objective: to evaluate the level of knowledge of teachers and students of Physical Education at the Santa Catarina Southern University (UNISUL), Pedra Branca unit, campus of the great Florianópolis area, SC, Brazil, regarding the use of mouth guards to prevent trauma. Materials and method: descriptive exploratory study that applied a questionnaire to assess the knowledge of respondents about mouth guards. The data obtained were tabulated in an Excel spreadsheet and submitted to descriptive statistical analysis in the SPSS 20.0 software. Results: the study showed that 93.9% of respondents were familiar with mouth guards. Regarding their use, only 30.5% of respondents had used or uses the device and only 2.3% uses custom-made mouth guards. Conclusion: it may be concluded there is still little information on mouth guards from teachers and students of Physical Education, especially regarding custom-made mouth guards, which are mostly indicated.(AU)

Workplace violence and development of burnout symptoms: a prospective cohort study on 1823 social educators.

PURPOSE: Burnout and workplace violence (WPV) have been associated in cross-sectional studies, but longitudinal studies with solid methods and adequate sample sizes are lacking. This study investigates whether WPV increases burnout symptoms during a 12-month period. METHODS: Questionnaire data were collected on 1823 social educators at baseline and 12-month follow-up, coupled with additionally 12 monthly text-message surveys on exposure to WPV. Using general linear modelling for repeated measures, we estimated change over time in burnout symptoms in three WPV exposure groups (none, low, high). RESULTS: A time by exposure to WPV interaction existed for development of burnout; F(2) = 7.2, p = 0.001 η2 = 0.011. Burnout increased significantly within the group of low exposure; F(1) = 6.8, p = 0.01 and high exposure; F(1) = 6.7 p = 0.001, but not within the non-exposed F(1) = 2.1 p = 0.15. At follow-up, both the low exposed and high exposed had significantly higher levels of burnout compared to the non-exposed. CONCLUSION: Exposure to WPV increases level of burnout within a 12-month period. We propose that assessment of burnout in future studies should utilize instruments capable of detecting small changes. We further propose that prevention against employee burnout could be improved using monitoring targeted at employees exposed to WPV.

Desde la concepción de disciplina científica a la noción de didáctica en carreras de la salud / From the conception of scientific discipline to the notion of didactics in health careers

Introducción: El estudio de la didáctica en ciencias de la salud ha sido abordado principalmente a través de las innovaciones en metodologías de enseñanza y evaluación. Sin embargo, no se ha realizado una discusión teórico-empírica sobre la naturaleza de la didáctica que constituyen las diversas disciplinas en el área de la salud. Sujetos y métodos: Estudio cualitativo, basado en la teoría fundamentada. Participaron 31 docentes de seis carreras de ciencias de la salud, a los cuales se seleccionó según el criterio de máxima variación. Los docentes fueron contactados personalmente, previo proceso de consentimiento informado. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales diseñados por los investigadores. El plan de análisis se realizó a partir del método de comparación constante hasta llegar al nivel de codificación selectiva, utilizando el Caqdas Atlas-ti 7.5.2. Resultados: El fenómeno se configura en un contexto sociopolítico particular, con condiciones de las carreras de la salud, en un paradigma científico hegemónico. Antecedentes causales: falta de delimitación del objeto de estudio, sus dimensiones y concepciones curriculares. Estrategias de acción: diseño de objetivos, organización de contenidos, metodologías de enseñanza y evaluación, habilidades del docente. Factores intervinientes: rol docente, funcionamiento curricular, características de la disciplina, clima educativo. Consecuencias: positivas y negativas en diseños curriculares, progresión de los aprendizajes y consciencia didáctica. Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos evidencian la necesidad de reflexionar acerca de la educación médica, ya que permiten discutir la naturaleza científica y didáctica de las carreras de salud en Chile

Introduction: The study of didactics in Health Sciences has been approached mainly through innovations in teaching and evaluation methodologies. However, there has not been a theoretical-empirical discussion on the nature of the didactics that constitute the various disciplines in the area of health. Subjects and methods: Qualitative study, based on the Grounded Theory. Thirty-one teachers from six health sciences courses participated and were selected according to the criteria of maximum variation. Teachers were contacted in person after the informed consent process. Semi-structured interviews and researchers-designed focus groups were conducted. The analysis plan was carried out from the constant comparison method up to the selective coding level, using the Caqdas Atlas-ti 7.5.2. Results: The phenomenon is configured in a particular socio-political context, with conditions of health careers, in a hegemonic scientific paradigm. Causal background: lack of delimitation of the object of study, its dimensions and curricular conceptions. Action strategies: design of objectives, organization of contents, teaching and evaluation methodologies, teacher skills. Intervening factors: Teaching role, curricular functioning, characteristics of the discipline, educational climate. Consequences: positive and negative in curricular design, progression of learning, didactic awareness. Conclusion: The results obtained show the need to reflect on medical education, since they allow us to discuss the scientific and didactic nature of health careers in Chile

A dietetic clinical educator enhances the experience and assessment of clinical placement.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a Clinical Educator model on the learning experience and environment for students, preceptors and managers. METHODS: A Clinical Educator position was established for the 10-week dietetic clinical placement at Edith Cowan University. The Clinical Educator was responsible for overseeing the placement and assisting in the supervision of students. A qualitative descriptive approach using focus groups with purposive sampling explored the research question. Students (n = 10), preceptors (n = 21) and managers (n = 3) participated in separate focus groups. Data were thematically analysed with consideration given to participant and focus group commonalities and differences. RESULTS: The findings revealed that the Clinical Educator (i) reduced the logistical burden of student placements and improved time efficiency; (ii) facilitated student assessment within a programme of assessment; (iii) was uniquely positioned to provide support and enhance student confidence; and (iv) enhanced capacity to manage underperforming and challenging students. CONCLUSIONS: The Clinical Educator model increased student confidence, facilitated quality assessment and supported the management of underperforming students. This was achieved by reducing the burden of clinical placements, facilitating effective and timely communication between stakeholders and supporting the establishment of meaningful relationships which enriched learning. The results highlight the importance of the people involved in placement to facilitate a positive student learning environment and high quality assessment.

Student-inflicted injuries to staff in schools: comparing risk between educators and non-educators.

OBJECTIVE: Student-inflicted injury to staff in the educational services sector is a growing concern. Studies on violence have focused on teachers as victims, but less is known about injuries to other employee groups, particularly educational assistants. Inequities may be present, as educational assistants and non-educators may not have the same wage, benefits, training and employment protections available to them as professional educators. We identified risk factors for student-related injury and their characteristics among employees in school districts. METHODS: Workers' compensation data were used to identify incidence and severity of student-related injury. Rates were calculated using negative binomial regression; risk factors were identified using multivariate models to calculate rate ratios (RR) and 95% CIs. RESULTS: Over 26% of all injuries were student-related; 8% resulted in lost work time. Special and general education assistants experienced significantly increased risk of injury (RR=6.0, CI 5.05 to 7.15; RR=2.07, CI 1.40 to 3.07) as compared with educators. Risk differed by age, gender and school district type. Text analyses categorised student-related injury. It revealed injury from students acting out occurred most frequently (45.4%), whereas injuries involving play with students resulted in the highest percentage of lost-time injuries (17.7%) compared with all interaction categories. CONCLUSION: Student-inflicted injury to staff occurs frequently and can be severe. Special education and general assistants bear the largest burden of injury compared with educators. A variety of prevention techniques to reduce injury risk and severity, including policy or environmental modifications, may be appropriate. Equal access to risk reduction methods for all staff should be prioritised.

Knowing, being or doing? A comparative study on human service professionals' perceptions of quality in day-to-day encounters with clients and students with intellectual disabilities.

What does it mean to decide, act and behave in a professional manner towards people with intellectual disabilities? This article analyses how professionals from three welfare organizations describe quality in daily encounters with people with intellectual disabilities. Four hundred and twenty-one respondents participated in the study. Our empirical data consisted of written excerpts exclusively. Findings revealed that quality in encounters with people with intellectual disabilities was associated with personal attributes, pertinent knowledge, professional actions and ideological awareness. Findings also show differences in responses, both quantitatively (frequency) and qualitatively (content), which seem to be associated with organization. This reflects that human service organizations, as normative environments, underpin ideas about relevance and appropriateness in day-to-day situations, forming actions and perceptions among its members. Our conclusion is that organizational context needs to be considered to enhance our knowledge on how different categories of professionals view quality and moral worth when working with people with intellectual disabilities.